NAIROBI, 10 March 2008 (IRIN) - The risk of rape and sexual abuse remains high for thousands of young girls and women displaced by Kenya's post-election crisis in January and February, an assessment by three agencies has found.
Detailing the findings of the rapid assessment of gender-based violence (GBV) suffered in camps, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA), the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Christian Children's Fund (CCF), said the women had repeatedly expressed fears of sexual violence because of makeshift sleeping arrangements, where men and women were forced to sleep under one tent or out in the open.
"They also voiced concerns about lack of regulations in the camps allowing men from the outside to enter unchecked by camp officials and, in Nairobi in particular, women reported fears about sexual victimisation linked to camp design and services, including lighting, water/sanitation facilities, and availability of firewood," the agencies stated in a report on 10 March.
The post-election crisis led to the deaths of at least 1,500 people and the displacement of 300,000 others.
The assessment was conducted in North Rift Valley, South Rift Valley, the Coastal Region, Nairobi and Central Province. It examined the nature and scope of sexual violence during flight, as well as within the internally displaced persons (IDP) camps and alternative settlements.
The assessment also evaluated the capacity of both community and camp-based programmes to prevent and respond to cases of sexual violence.
The agencies said the exact number of cases of sexual assault in IDP camps was difficult to ascertain, not only because the camps lacked standardised reporting mechanisms, "but also because of challenges associated with acknowledging victimisation, including availability of services, the level of awareness about the value of medical assistance, the degree of trust in police and other security-related issues, as well as the cultural acceptability of disclosing rape".
They said: "The preliminary findings of this assessment confirm initial reports from Nairobi-based hospitals that sexual violence has increased during the post-election crisis that began on 30 December. Evidence suggests that perpetrators are exploiting the conflict by committing sexual violence with impunity, and efforts to protect or respond to the needs of women and girls are remarkably insufficient."
Noting that sexual violence not only occurred as a by-product of the collapse in social order during the post-election period, they said it was being used as a tool to "terrorise individuals and families and precipitate their expulsion from the communities in which they live".
The agencies made several recommendations aimed at protecting young girls and women from GBV. "Camp-based" and "community-based" measures, they noted, would help deliver minimum interventions to prevent and respond to sexual violence during emergency response. They would also shift humanitarian interventions to national government and non-government structures to facilitate the move from humanitarian to development actions as IDPs move to transitional settlements in some areas and home in others.
The recommendations include: providing support to the relevant government ministries and institutions to integrate prevention of GBV and gender equality concerns into their emergency plans of action and improve their capacity to address the problem of sexual violence; introducing coordination mechanisms for prevention and response programming at the provincial and district levels; training camp-based staff in GBV prevention and response standards; ensuring sufficient police presence in the camps, including female police, and allocation of technical and financial resources to security personnel to address violence against women and girls.
The agencies also recommended the improvement of multi-sectoral prevention and response to GBV at the community level, through sustained support to sectors such as health, legal/justice, security, and psychosocial, with a special focus on gaps such as availability of forensic examiners, legal aid services and judicial response.
Also among the recommended measures was the conducting of widespread community education aimed at prevention and ensuring survivors know how and where to access services.
"In recognition of the new peace agreement and the hope that most Kenyans will be able to return to their homes, mechanisms to protect returnees must be institutionalised," the agencies said.
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