This report summarizes the latest data
on the epidemiology of HIV. The epidemiological estimates in this report
reflect continued improvement in national HIV surveillance systems and
estimation methodology. In 2007-2008, national household surveys with
anonymous HIV testing components were conducted in 11 countries, including
nine in sub-Saharan Africa. Improvements in HIV surveillance and information
systems not only provide a clearer, more reliable picture of the epidemic
at the global, regional and country levels but are also helping national
governments and other stakeholders to tailor AIDS responses in order to
maximize the impact on public health.
The epidemic appears to have stabilized
in most regions, although prevalence continues to increase in Eastern Europe
and Central Asia and in other parts of Asia due to a high rate of new HIV
infections. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most heavily affected region,
accounting for 71% of all new HIV infections in 2008. The resurgence of
the epidemic among men who have sex with men in high-income countries is
increasingly well-documented. Differences are apparent in all regions,
with some national epidemics continuing to expand even as the overall regional
HIV incidence stabilizes.
This report is divided into separate
chapters that summarize epidemiological trends in individual regions. While
regional differences remain, several themes are discernible:
- AIDS continues to be a major global health priority.
- There is geographic variation between and within countries and regions.
- The epidemic is evolving.
- There is evidence of successes in HIV prevention.
- Improved access to treatment is having an impact.
- There is increased evidence of risk among key populations.