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Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka: Earthquake and Tsunami OCHA Situation Report No. 23

Ref: OCHA/GVA - 2005/0020
OCHA Situation Report No. 23
Earthquake and Tsunami
Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka

The Secretary-General has offered to former U.S. President Bill Clinton the position of his Special Envoy for Tsunami-affected Countries and President Clinton has accepted.

INDONESIA

Situation

The latest figures from the National Coordination Agency for Disaster Management (BAKORNAS) on 31 January 2005 on the human toll for the disaster indicate that some 108,110 bodies have been buried in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province and 130 bodies in North Sumatra Province. The number of people reported missing is at 127,749 in NAD and 24 in North Sumatra. Meanwhile the number or displaced people in NAD is 426,849.

BAKORNAS plans to reassess the figure of the displaced persons by mid-February 2005.

Update by sector and Response

City cleansing

Work has started on cleaning up the main psychiatric hospital in Banda Aceh, and 300 people are working on this project supported by UNDP/Panglima Laut in cooperation with the Australian Army.

UNDP is consulting with authorities on a possible pilot project concerning a waste recovery facility within Banda Aceh, aimed at the improvement of the environmental management of Tsunami waste, which would sort waste into different categories using labour intensive methods. The pilot project would be carried out in parallel with the current waste disposal activities to prevent any delay in the clean up operation, and could be up-scaled to other urban centers.

Education

Schools have started to function after the initial launch of the "Back to Learning" campaign on 26 January 2005 in Banda Aceh and in Aceh Besar. Some concerns remain with regard to IDPs in Aceh Besar staying in 12 schools. Most of the children are still in need of text books and school uniforms, according to the Government.

Environment

The UNDAC environmental expert is developing, with colleagues, a pilot project to manage waste resulting from the tsunami. This project is based in part on the waste management work undertaken by the environmental experts from the UNDAC team in Sri Lanka. A plan of action for this project has been endorsed by the responsible authorities in Banda Aceh and Meulaboh. In collaboration with partners, implementation has commenced using the structures, machinery and human resources available on site. Details are available from the Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit.

Health

There are an estimated 800 pregnant women in IDP settlements. The Ministry of Health has sent 300 midwives to Banda Aceh to provide support. WHO has developed an action plan together with the Ministry of Health to support reproductive health.

WHO stated that one case of bloody diarrhea that was reported from Lonehga by the Turkish Red Crescent is under investigation. After the completion of measles vaccination in the IDP camps, the last leg of the campaign is planned for Lhoong where 24 of the 28 villages are known to have been destroyed.

On 30 January 2005, the Ministry of Health (MoH) reported that the measles vaccination campaign has covered 77,842 children (58, 7 percent) in Aceh. For North Sumatra, the coverage is 2,000 children (20, 3 percent). In addition, the MoH reported on 31 January 2005 a total of 59 clinical cases of Malaria, of which 8 are Malaria Falciparum.

IOM Banda Aceh will expand a UNICEF/Ministry of Health (MoH) measles vaccination campaign for children between 6 months and 15 years to areas along the west coast, reaching from Calang to Tenoum. IOM will be joined by the Japanese Self Defence Forces (JSDF). Together they will send three teams of doctors and nurses to provide measles vaccinations, Vitamin A supplements and carry out preventive care. UNICEF will provide three additional medical teams of doctors and nurses to work with IOM and the JSDF. This vaccination campaign will continue until mid- March. IOM has already been actively involved in the large-scale UNICEF/MoH measles vaccination campaign on the west coast in partnership with the Irish NGO, GOAL. Between 15 and 30 January 2005, IOM provided 1,332 measles vaccinations and Vitamin A supplements to the at-risk age group of children at various sites in and around Banda Aceh.

The IOM medical team was requested by the World Health Organization (WHO) to provide technical support for an IDP settlement in Lhong Raya, Jaya Baru District. IOM has provided a medical tent, general medical supplies, hygiene kits as well as a generator.

In an effort to support the rehabilitation of community health centres, IOM's Medical Team in Banda Aceh continues to work closely with officials of the Ministry of Health to identify suitable locations for the five community health centres which IOM has agreed to build and equip, as well as provide training to medical staff and administrators.

Food and Nutrition

Joint UN and Government surveys are planned, as well as the establishment of a nutrition surveillance system for affected people, including the host communities. To address potential micronutrient deficiency, WFP is planning on distributing fortified products (fortified biscuits/noodles). The Nutrition Director from the Ministry of Health chaired a meeting in Jakarta on 26 January 2005 attended by WFP, UNICEF, WHO and NGOs. The aim was to encourage better coordination by ministry authorities of assessments and action in nutrition. Concern was raised by the MoH about the large quantities of milk powder coming to Aceh. WHO and UNICEF have issued a joint statement on appropriate infant and young child feeding, and cautioned against unnecessary use of milk products.

WFP reported that in Teunom, the food distribution through their partner ACF to roughly 13,000 people will finish within the next five days. The target group is approximately 8,000 IDPs and host families. Save the Children completed its second WFP food distribution to patients in 15 hospitals in Medan on 31 January 2005.

Livelihood

Last week ILO finalized its agreement with the Provincial Government of Nanggroe Aceh Darusalam (NAD) to establish Emergency Public Employment Service Center Network. The first centre will be established in Banda Aceh, and the next center will be established in Meulaboh.

Programme formulation is being finalized to start the entrepreneurship development programme called 'Start Your Business'. In addition, short-cycle vocational training will be implemented through both public and private training providers.

UNDP reports that international and national organizations are cooperating on a Cross-Sectoral Assessment which would employ a common methodology, assessment form and timeline to be conducted across the tsunami affected sub-districts in the province. The assessment will not only examine the needs of the affected populations but will also gather data on their preferences for the future in terms of location, shelter, livelihoods, etc.

Logistics

Air transport

During the next few weeks, United States military assets will be phased out, but enough helicopters will be kept in reserve for a limited time to address gaps. Requirements for U.S. helicopters have decreased in part due to better screening and prioritisation of needs by UN and also by replacement by UNHAS-operated helicopters.

The UN has established the Subang Humanitarian Air Hub (SHAH) in Malaysia under WFP management. This inter-agency emergency response facility is expected to be operational until 28 February 2005. It is composed of three elements consisting of UNHRD (cargo movement, storage and handling), UNHAS (management of Humanitarian Air Service) and UNJLC (coordination of agency requirements, prioritisation of cargo). Cargo destined for Banda Aceh or Medan is being airlifted from Subang using the available aircraft and there is currently warehouse space available in Subang. Incoming cargo is shipped within 48 hours of arrival.

Airports:

Banda Aceh: Fully operational.

Meulaboh: Airstrip cannot take heavier aircraft or full load.

Calang: There is no landing strip for fixed-wing aircraft. Two helipads exist. Lack of fuel limits possibility of using helicopters to access area around Calang, as aircraft must refuel in Banda Aceh.

Road transport: According to the USAID Disaster Assistance Response Team (USAID/DART), the Government of Indonesia has planned two phases of road repair in Aceh province. The first phase will last six to eight weeks and will link Banda Aceh to Lamno. In the second phase access from Meulaboh to Teunom will be restored; this phase is expected to take more time because the repairs require heavy equipment and the replacement of several bridges. Australian, Malaysian and Pakistani engineers have created a common pool of engineering expertise and assets for tasking.

Conditions of roads from Banda Aceh to Meulaboh are as follows:

Banda Aceh to Lamno: The bridge on the Banda Aceh-Lhonga route has been fixed by the Indonesian military (TNI), but the road is in bad condition and deteriorating rapidly.

Lamno to Calang: not open yet and repairs are planned by TNI.

Calang to Teunom: passable only as far as Panga, beyond which three destroyed bridges prevent passage to Teunom.

Teunom to Meulaboh: currently being repaired by TNI.

Land transport in and around Calang is limited to the services provided by twenty vehicles of the Indonesian Off-road Federation, whose presence is subject to alternative funding. No UN vehicles are operating in this area. Lamno, situated 70 km south of Banda Aceh on high ground, has received thousands of displaced and is currently accessible for assessment only by air as roads are in a bad state of repair.

Requirements for military escorts for humanitarian convoys beyond Medan remain in place. A Coordination Center of the Government of Indonesia (GoI), Posko, has been set up for giving the required authorizations to operate in Aceh. UNJLC is liaising with the GoI regarding vehicle access in more remote areas.

Maritime transport: WFP, U.S. and France are using landing craft to offload relief aid in Calang. The Japanese Government is bringing in another landing craft. Many NGOs are using small fishing boats to access coastal communities. The U.S. Navy Mercy Hospital Ship is due to arrive on the west coast between Calang and Meulaboh on 3 February 2005. The ship can provide medical services and has a 250-bed ward that can be expanded to accommodate up to 1,000 patients.

Teunom port: access possible only for small boats because of debris in the river mouth.

Lamno: UNJLC to conduct an assessment of landing pad in the next 3-4 days.

Lhokweumawe port: operational.

As of 1 February 2005, a total of 8 IOM truck convoys have departed Jakarta via Medan to Banda Aceh. The total number of IOM trucks operating between Jakarta-Medan-Banda Aceh and Medan-Meulaboh stands at 267. Since the first deployment of trucks on 30 December 2004, IOM has moved and distributed some 5,850 Metric Tons (MT) of relief items from Medan in north Sumatra to Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. Of that total, IOM transported 1,070 MT of relief goods to Meulaboh in convoys which began operating on 8 January 2005. IOM relief delivery routes also include Medan-Biruen, Medan-Nias and Medan-Lhokseumwe. IOM Banda Aceh's truck fleet currently comprises 40 trucks which are used to distribute relief goods in and around Banda Aceh for IOM, UN agencies and international and national NGOs.

Shelter

The first IOM temporary shelter unit is on its way to Banda Aceh and is expected to arrive in Banda Aceh on 5 February 2005. A team of shelter experts will assemble the unit and train and prepare IOM shelter crews to assemble the first 1,000 temporary shelter units.

UNHCR has been using Swiss helicopters in a shuttle operation to transfer 18 tonnes of shelter materials from its operational base at Calang on Aceh's west coast to the village of Krueng Sabe, 8 km south of Calang, where an estimated 50 percent of its population were swept away by the waves, leaving some 4,000 people displaced. UNHCR airlifted by helicopters lightweight tents, plastic sheeting, hygiene kits and blankets for some 3,000 people. UNHCR is currently assessing transferring relief supplies to the severely hit village of Keude Panga, further south from Calang.

In Teunom, some 60km north of Meulaboh, some 8,000 people have been displaced, 80 percent of them living with host families and the rest in damaged mosques, public buildings and tents. UNHCR is preparing to fly to the area some of the 250 "shelter boxes" donated by Rotary International from its satellite office in Meulaboh. Each box is for 10 people and contains blankets, a torch, a shovel, water purifying tablets, cooking and drinking containers.

Telecommunications

BAKORNAS reported that the rehabilitation of the telephone system in Banda Aceh was completed by 1 February 2005 and that 50 percent of electricity supply in Banda Aceh and 30 percent in Meulaboh have been restored. However, Calang and Temno remain out of electricity supply. Meanwhile, since the situation in Calang is still paralyzed, the District Government of Aceh Jaya has moved temporarily its capital to Lamno.

Water and Sanitation

WHO reports that a joint assessment of water and sanitation in temporary settlements in Banda Aceh found that there is still insufficient provision of latrines, and that the provision of water needs to be improved to ensure a regular supply.

WHO, UNICEF and an Australian environmental health team have completed an assessment of the water, sanitation and health situation of displaced persons in Banda Aceh. They have reported various concerns including: irregular refilling of water tanks at camps; many tents are constantly damp; water containers in short supply; and minimum "Sphere" sanitation standards not being met. Overcrowding at latrines, toilets with blocked drains and waste water left on toilet floors were observed. A joint WHO/UNICEF assessment team has recommended that the construction of latrines and the supply of potable water and clean water for washing should be priorities when new IDP settlements are established.

Coordination mechanisms

The UN's Humanitarian Information Centre (HIC) is now online with a link to the Sumatra page (www.humanitarianinfo.org). The HIC is working closely with the Government to ensure that data on the impact of the tsunami and the subsequent response can be integrated into the reconstruction phase. The HIC is a key clearing house for information for the humanitarian community to assist with planning and coordination, and is producing reports and maps continuously. Current key documents include a new health location map for Banda Aceh, an updated Who does What Where, and an IDP summary report based on the above mission. A key role for the HIC is to hold a database of completed assessments.

A Joint Liaison Unit comprising Government, UN and key NGOs to improve coordination between the Government and the international humanitarian community is now functioning in Banda Aceh. In addition to this working level coordination structure, a Humanitarian Coordination Committee, chaired by BAKORNAS and the UN in Banda Aceh is to be established. Sectoral Working Groups would report to the Humanitarian Coordination Committee directly.

In Banda Aceh, the Sectoral Working Groups are meeting frequently to implement coordinated responses to the identified needs. In Meulaboh, a full coordination structure is in place. This includes daily general coordination meetings with Government, NGOs, and UN agencies, and sectoral working groups for all key sectors. Mapping and other data-gathering activities are fed into the HIC office in Banda Aceh.

MALDIVES

Update by sector and Response

Education

The Ministry of Education said that 200 expatriate teachers who had been serving in the Maldives prior to the devastation caused by the Tsunami have informed the Ministry that they will not be returning to the Maldives.

With schools open and all children able to resume their education in equipped classrooms, attention is being turned to extending to core school administration through an initial procurement of equipment, such as computers, fax machines and telephones for the offices of schools.

Health

Latest figures obtained from the Ministry of Health and WHO show that the number of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is at 275 and the incidence of viral fever are 252 for the whole population.

Vaccines for the first round of the 2005 Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) campaigns for all children (0-23 months) have arrived and are distributed to the atolls. Vaccination of children has begun on islands where the cold chain was not destroyed during the tsunami. Mothers evacuated from affected islands are being mobilised to take advantage of bringing their children to these immunization sessions in the locations to which they have been moved. Cold chain equipment (refrigerators and vaccine cold boxes) is expected for distribution to affected islands so that their campaigns can be initiated.

Food

Findings from WFP's Rapid Vulnerability Assessment indicate the need for targeted food assistance to certain vulnerable groups in the short term. Food assistance is largely recommended only as a stop-gap measure during the time it takes to re-establish cash based employment schemes, such as those linked to reconstruction, which are considered the most appropriate and immediate long term response for all affected populations. The findings indicate that in the 13 islands where displacement has occurred, all people, irrespective of economic activity, would require assistance. Almost all houses have been lost, people are crowding in tents or with families, thereby increasing the risk of disease outbreaks. In terms of economic profiling, the assessment highlighted the need for continued support to those families that are unemployed and not receiving remittances; families that rely on agricultural production and have lost seeds, tools and fertilizers and whose water and land has become too salty for agriculture; small skill artisans that have lost their tools and equipment and have few other income generating options; and families that dry and process fish that have lost some or all their processing equipment and will be facing economic hardship.

The distribution of high-energy biscuits continues via the Government's National Security Service in order to reach all selected schools under the Government/WFP school-feeding programme. A school feeding monitoring visit was conducted to Raa and Haa Atoll during on 30 and 31 January 2005. Islands visited included Kandholhudhoo and Kulhudhuffushi respectively. WFP recently launched a school feeding programme in cooperation with the Ministry of Education and plans to distribute fortified biscuits to 24,000 school children over a period of seven weeks.

Water and Sanitation

Government approval has been received for the distribution among the atolls of 20 reverse osmosis desalination plants procured by UNICEF. Of these, 15 will be placed in strategic land-based locations and five will be mounted on barges. The floating units will be able to serve four or five islands within an atoll.

Needs and Requirements

The GoM reiterated that manifests for aid shipments be sent to the Government well in advance to ensure more efficient processing and reduce bottlenecks. There is limited warehouse storage capacity at the airport. Please send manifests in advance to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' Department of External Resources: der@foreign.gov.mv; fax: +960 317 592; copied to the Task Force's Aid Coordination Unit: rshareef@dhivehinet.net.mv and UNDP's focal point for logistics: shaheem.razee@undp.org.

SRI LANKA

Situation

As of 31 January 2005, District Secretaries reported latest figures as follows:

People killed: 30,959

People missing: 5,443

People displaced: 552,641

Sectoral update and Response

Education

While schools in the North and East remained closed for another week, schools in the southern districts had only 25 percent of students arriving for the new term, which started on 25 January 2005. 153 schools are still housing IDPs and 176 schools are listed as damaged by the Ministry of Education.

On 31 January 2005, UNICEF signed a MoU with the Sri Lankan Government for the reconstruction of 17 schools in six districts. Other foreign contributors to school reconstruction include GTZ, Italy, the Norwegian Refugee Council, Rotary International and Switzerland.

A total of 3,109 school-in-a-box kits have so far been sent out to the affected districts and UNICEF continues to distribute school supplies, such as wooden and plastic furniture, stationary, exercise books, chalkboards, pens and uniform material (uniforms will be stitched locally).

Environment

The UNDAC environmental expert who worked in collaboration with the Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit has completed her assessment mission in Sri Lanka. A report will be made available shortly by the Joint Unit. It will include results from the environmental assessment and based on this, a description of gaps and needs for assistance. This will assist the donor community in addressing outstanding environmental issues in Sri Lanka.

Food

WFP reports an anticipated beneficiary caseload of 845,000 persons for February 2005. This represents a nine per cent increase in comparison with the January caseload of 750,000 persons.

There are delays in the delivery of 15-day rations in some districts, due to poor road conditions and limited capacity of local authorities.

The harvest season in the eastern districts will end in early March, and WFP warns that large amounts of food distributed in rice-producing areas such as Ampara and Batticaloa may have a negative impact on local markets. FAO reports that the situation needs to be further assessed, as crops in these areas were damaged by non-tsunami floods in November and December 2004.

A consignment of non-food items (pre-fabricated units and first aid kits) for WFP operations arrived on 29 January 2005 by air. These items are now being cleared by customs and will be dispatched to the affected districts thereafter. Another 15-day supply of food aid has been dispatched to all tsunami-impacted areas of Sri Lanka. Distributions are ongoing, with occasional transport delays from warehouses to district distribution points.

WFP conducted a food needs assessment with the International Labour Organization focusing on tsunami victims' livelihoods and food security. Based on this assessment, it is expected that by end of February 2005 many families - especially those who earn a living in tourism and retail trade- will begin to be able to support themselves again. Others will be able to support themselves if provided with public work, micro-credit and food-for-work schemes.

Health

There is still concern about the potential for disease outbreaks due to the displacement and movement of people, and WHO works to establish and maintain a disease surveillance programme.

The clean-up and establishment of camps will continue and is expected to go on for at least 6-12 months following the tsunami. Assessment and replacement of lost equipment, supplies and service components such as the continuation of garbage collection, is also underway.

In liaison with Government authorities, rehabilitation of the health system has started with immediate focus on re-assessments and possible re-structuring/modernization of the Sri Lankan health infrastructure.

UNICEF, Medical Research Institute (MRI) and WFP are currently undertaking a nutrition survey in tsunami-affected districts. Data is being collected from 30 camps, with 300 out of 900 surveys completed on 28 January 2005.

Livelihood

IOM is planning to assist fishing communities in badly affected areas to rebuild their livelihood. Fishermen now living in camps such as those in Batticaloa district who have lost their fishing equipment will be supported so they quickly can regain their income and dignity. IOM is also assessing the need for livelihood activities in Devinuwara, Matara district.

An ILO/UNDP/World Bank joint policy formulation mission on income recovery is on-going. The aim is to develop a cohesive framework for the design and implementation of the various components under the Rapid Income Recovery Programme (RIRP), which is the social component of the Sri Lankan Government's Plan Rebuilding the Nation. As part of the process, the mission is undertaking a rapid assessment of the livelihood loss in all tsunami-affected areas. The final draft strategic framework should be ready by 15 February 2005.

Logistics

IOM has increased its vehicle fleet by 10 lorries and is now leasing a total of 45 lorries, each with cargo capacity of 10 MT. Specialized lorries for container shipments, passenger buses, trailers and vans can be supplied on request.

Since 6 January 2005 when IOM began its transport assistance operations, IOM has provided 554 lorries of 10 MT capacity, 16 buses with a capacity of a minimum of 360 passengers, 44 vans/four-wheel-drive vehicles and 5 20ft container trucks/trailers.

During the past three days 95 IOM lorries carrying dry rations, bottled water, medical supplies and other relief items were dispatched to different locations throughout the country on behalf of the Government of Sri Lanka, International Organizations and NGOs through the CNO.

Protection

An assessment on relocation has been planned by UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, and Save the Children in Sri Lanka (SciSL), to include the opinion of beneficiaries in any decisions/plans for shelter locations and models. A questionnaire will soon be circulated. The districts selected for assessment are: Ampara, Batticaloa, Galle, Jaffna and Trincomalee.

In Batticaloa, the Women's Coalition is organising training on the prevention of sexual abuse and exploitation for 240 police officers as well as camp managers, humanitarian workers and Army/Special Task Force (STF) officers. The training will be conducted in Tamil language with simultaneous translation into Sinhala language.

UNHCRs sub- and field-offices continue to monitor sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and registration/relocation procedures for affected persons.

Water and Sanitation

Though water supply is not believed to be a problem in displaced persons camps, the water supply in affected communities has not been adequately assessed. The removal of debris obstructing the septic tanks in Galle district remains a priority need.

At the request of the Water Board, UNICEF procured 10 water tanks from the local market to meet the emergency needs in the camps of Trincomalee. The tanks were delivered to the district on 27 January 2005. UNICEF has also procured 10 water bowsers locally, which will be distributed to various affected districts. Six are scheduled for dispatch this week and the remaining four will be delivered to the districts within the next seven days.

Shelter and non-food items

As of 31 January 2005, UNHCR has distributed a total of 304,675 Non-Food Relief Items (NFRI) to beneficiaries across all affected areas. Items include plastic mats, plates, cups and sheeting, toiletries, cooking utensils, clothing and nylon rope.

The Sri Lankan Government has approved a transitional shelter strategy based on relevant international standards, as well as a transitional shelter implementation document.

Funding has been confirmed for the shipment of 7,500 tents (2,000 by air and 5,500 by sea) to Sri Lanka. UNHCR has so far delivered 500 tents to the district of Ampara, with more on the way to Matara (200), Vavuniya (993), Killinochchi (300) and Kalutara (300). UNHCR is in the process of gathering information on the agencies and NGOs involved with shelter work in all tsunami-affected areas. These agencies will function as focal points at district level: UNHCR (Jaffna, Trincomalee), ZOA (Killinochchi/Mullaitivu), GTZ (Batticaloa) and GOAL (Ampara, Hambantota, Galle). No focal point agency has so far been identified for Matara.

CNO has commissioned a team from the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) to provide training in camp management to Government Agents. Four workshops, based on the UNHCR/OCHA/IRC/DRC/NRC Camp Management Toolkit, will take place in Colombo, Matara and Trincomalee next week, as well as in one location yet to be defined.

Needs and Requirements

Detailed information on the relief effort is available on website of the Centre for National Operations (CNO) www.cnosrilanka.org

PLEDGES - CONTRIBUTIONS

Updates on contributions to this disaster may be found on the Financial Tracking Service (http://www.reliefweb.int/fts; or, click "Financial Tracking" at the top of the ReliefWeb page for this disaster). Donors are requested to verify this table and inform OCHA Geneva of corrections/additions/values. Donors are encouraged to notify OCHA Geneva of their contributions to this disaster using the OCHA Standardized Contributions Recording Format, available electronically on the above-mentioned FTS website.

Together with further information on other ongoing emergencies, this situation report is also available on the OCHA Internet Website at http://www.reliefweb.int.

Aid agencies are encouraged to use the Virtual On-Site Operations Coordination Centre (OSOCC) at http://www.reliefweb.int to share information on assistance and coordinate activities.

Tel. +41-22-917 1234
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E-mail: ochagva@un.org

In case of emergency only: Tel. +41-22-917 20 10

Desk Officers:

Mr. Rudi Müller/Ms. Caroline Péguet
Direct Tel. 41-22-917 3131 / 1836

Press contact:
(GVA) Ms. Elisabeth Byrs, direct Tel. ++41-22-917 26 53
(N.Y.) Ms. Stephanie Bunker, direct Tel. +1-917 367 51 26
(N.Y.) Mr. Brian Grogan, direct Tel. +1-212-963 11 43

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